入口弯管对矿用轴流通风机气动性能影响的数值研究

以某大型矿用低压轴流式通风机为研究对象, 采用气体动力学性能试验和数值模拟的方法研究了不同入口弯管对风机性能的影响, 重点分析了入口弯管引起的叶轮内部流动特征和损失分布的变化规律。研究结果表明, 风机入口采用弯管连接缩短了进口管道的轴向长度, 节省了地下空间, 但同时来流的均匀性受到影响。弯管内气流速度梯度较大, 管道内侧易发生流动分离, 产生回流区, 增大了流体流动时的能量损失, 风机的整体性能下降。弯管与叶轮入口之间的连接长度会影响内部流场, 当附加直管段较长时, 来流均匀性得到提高, 风机性能有所改善。     

用于水质净化的氧化石墨烯膜研究进展

氧化石墨烯膜具有超高的水通量、可控的层间距以及卓越的分离性能，这些优异的特性使氧化石墨烯膜有望成为新一代膜材料并用于水环境中物质的精确分离。对氧化石墨烯膜的研究已经取得了许多重要的成果，本文系统地阐述了用于水质净化的氧化石墨烯膜的结构特性和构效关系，总结了氧化石墨烯膜典型的制备方法，重点介绍了氧化石墨烯膜的改性方式，概述了氧化石墨烯膜在多种水环境中的应用，总结并展望了氧化石墨烯膜的发展方向，为设计和合成高性能氧化石墨烯膜用于水质净化提供新的思路。     

甘油预处理蔗渣的木质素分离提取及结构表征

以甘油分别对甘蔗渣进行常压甘油自催化（AGO）预处理和常压甘油碱催化（al-AGO）预处理。利用酸沉法分别从预处理液中得到自催化甘油木质素（AGOL）和碱催化甘油木质素（al-AGOL）。利用单因素实验和正交实验得到最佳木质素提取工艺为转速8000r/min、离心时间15min、甘油混合液pH为3、甘油混合液浓度10%，在该条件下木质素AGOL和al-AGOL提取率分别达到72%和76%。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、元素分析、紫外光谱（UV）、凝胶色谱（GPC）、核磁共振¹H谱、热重分析以及抗氧化活性分析等技术手段对提取得到的木质素进行结构表征。结果表明：从甘蔗渣中提取的球磨甘蔗木质素（MBL）、AGOL和al-AGOL主要呈现出球形特征；AGOL和al-AGOL具有相似的活性特点，与MBL相比，AGOL和al-AGOL的分子量更小、分布更窄、均一性更好，热稳定性和抗氧化活性更高，有望成为重要的工业原料。     

磁性纳米材料处理含铀废水的研究进展

磁性纳米材料具有较强的化学稳定性、可再生回收、良好的吸附性能和易于分离等优点，在去除水溶液中的铀酰离子方面有广泛的应用前景。然而，磁性纳米材料也存在易团聚、易氧化等不足，通过表面修饰或改性等方法可改善其不足，提高其对废水中铀酰离子的去除能力，改善其吸附效果。本文通过总结近年来的相关研究资料，概括了磁性纳米材料的种类，归纳总结并比较了不同种类磁性纳米材料对含铀废水的去除能力及优势与不足，探讨了磁性纳米材料在含铀废水处理中的应用并对其机理进行了分析，阐述了磁性纳米材料去除溶液中铀酰离子的影响因素，简述了目前磁性纳米材料在处理含铀废水中有待解决的问题，并对其在分离放射性元素方面的应用前景进行了展望。     

ZnIn2S4/In(OH)3 hollow microspheres fabricated by one-step l-cysteine-mediated hydrothermal growth for enhanced hydrogen production and MB degradation

An intervening barrier for photocatalytic water decomposition and pollutant degradation is the frustratingly quick recombination of e⁻ - h⁺ pairs. Delicate design of heterojunction photocatalysts by coupling the semiconductors at nanoscale with well-matched geometrical and electronic alignments is an effective strategy to ameliorate the charge separation. Here a facile and environment-friendly l-cysteine-assisted hydrothermal process under weakly alkaline conditions is demonstrated for the first time to fabricate ZnIn₂S₄/In(OH)₃ hollow microspheres with intimate contact, which are verified by XRD, SEM, (HR)TEM, XPS, N₂ adsorption-desorption, UV–Vis DRS and photoluminescence spectra. ZnIn₂S₄/In(OH)₃ heterostructure (L-cys/Zn²⁺ = 4, molar ratio) with a band-gap of 2.50 eV, demonstrates the best photocatalytic performance for water reduction and MB degradation under visible light, outperforming its counterparts (In(OH)₃ and ZnIn₂S₄). The excellent activity of ZnIn₂S₄/In(OH)₃ heterostructure arises from the intercrossed band-edge positions as well as the unique hollow structure with large surface area and wide pore-size distribution, which are beneficial for the efficient charge migration from bulk to surface as well as at the interface between ZnIn₂S₄ and In(OH)₃. This work provides an efficient and eco-friendly strategy for one-pot synthesis of heterostructured composites with intimate contact for photocatalytic application.     

离子液体/低共熔溶剂在煤基液体分离中的应用

为了实现煤基液体各组分利用价值最大化，本文综述了离子液体和低共熔溶剂对组分组成复杂的煤基液体进行高效萃取分离的研究进展。首先介绍了离子液体和低共熔溶剂的性质及分类；其次根据分离目标的不同，将离子液体和低共熔溶剂对煤基液体典型组分的萃取分离分为四个方面进行阐述：煤基液体提酚、燃料油萃取脱硫、燃料油萃取脱氮、芳烃和脂肪烃的分离。分析表明，离子液体和低共熔溶剂对实际煤基液体的提酚效果较好，能分离出绝大多数的酚类化合物；燃料油萃取脱硫时，离子液体和低共熔溶剂对实际煤基液体的单次脱硫率均不高，需3～5次重复萃取后才能获得理想效果；燃料油中的碱性及非碱性含氮化合物很难被同一种离子液体或低共熔溶剂一次性分离出，导致实际油品的脱氮率较低；大多数离子液体和低共熔溶剂进行芳烃和脂肪烃的分离时不能获得理想的分配系数和选择性，尚无法用于实际芳烃和脂肪烃的分离。氢键、π-π、CH-π、范德华力等分子间相互作用的差异是实现离子液体或低共熔溶剂进行煤基液体典型组分分离的主要原因。依据分离对象，设计合适的离子液体和低共熔溶剂，提高实际煤基液体分离时的萃取率和选择性；分析并解决离子液体和低共熔溶剂用于实际煤基液体各组分分离时可能出现的问题，势必会推进煤基液体高值化分离的工业化进程。     

Composite mixed matrix membranes incorporating microporous carbon molecular sieve as filler in polyethersulfone for CO2/CH4 separation

Membrane technology has been considered a key factor for sustainable growth in high-efficiency gas separation. Current mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) technology is rising, but these membranes in the dense structure are having difficulties in operating at high pressures and scale up for commercialization. The purpose of this research is to synthesize composite MMMs (CMMMs) consisting of polyethersulfone (PES), carbon molecular sieve (CMS 1–5 wt %), and Novatex 2471 nonwoven fabric (support layer). The membranes' physical, chemical, and thermal properties were evaluated by different analytical equipment. The morphology of both PES and PES-CMS composite membranes had a porous and asymmetric structure, in which CMS was uniformly distributed in the polymer matrix. The thermal properties showed that the membranes were stable up to 350 °C with a single glass transition temperature. The functional groups in the membrane were confirmed by spectral analysis. The gas performance results showed that carbon dioxide permeance increased with increased CMS concentration and methane permeance decreased due to the hindering effect of CMS under similar operating conditions. The highest selectivity achieved was 12.774 using CMMM of 5 wt % of CMS at 10 bar, which on average was 137.80%, improved selectivity compared to pure PES membrane. The support layer was able to withstand high operating pressures and showed the ability to scale up. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48476.     

铜硫分离中银的选择性导向回收

为了研究新型抑制剂在铜硫分离过程中对银浮选行为的影响, 采用石灰和LY作为硫抑制剂, 通过6种动力学模型, 分别考察了低碱和高碱环境下铜、银和铁的浮选回收率及动力学行为。结果表明, 6种动力学模型均可较好地拟合试验数据。石灰选择性较差, 在低碱性介质中对黄铁矿的抑制效果较弱, 在强碱性介质中不利于铜和银矿物的回收; 而LY在铜硫分离过程中表现出良好的选择性, 它可以在低碱和高碱环境下强烈抑制黄铁矿, 并在弱碱性矿浆中实现铜硫的高效分离, 同时诱导独立银矿物定向富集至铜精矿产品中。